Methodism
A Protestant tradition emphasizing sanctification and methodical Christian living.
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrines, and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. It originated as a revival movement within the Church of England in the 18th century, later diverging from Anglicanism to become a separate denomination after Wesley's death. The movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond through vigorous missionary work, and today has about 50 million adherents worldwide.
- founded
- 18th century
- founder
- John Wesley
- other_early_leaders
- George Whitefield, Charles Wesley
- field
- Christian theology and practice
- headquarters
- World Methodist Council (umbrella body)
- known_for
- Sanctification, Arminian doctrine, class meetings, hymnody, social outreach
Lore & Background
The Methodist revival began in England with John Wesley, his brother Charles Wesley, and George Whitefield as a movement within the Church of England. The Wesley brothers founded the 'Holy Club' at the University of Oxford, where they systematically lived a holy life, earning the nickname 'Methodist' for their methodical religious practices. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, rejecting Calvinist predestination, while Whitefield and others were Calvinistic Methodists. Wesley and Whitefield appointed lay preachers and organized converts into societies divided into classes for mutual encouragement and confession.
Reader's Guide
Methodism's significance lies in its emphasis on sanctification and the transforming effect of the Holy Spirit, exemplified by living a victorious life over sin. Unique to Wesleyan Methodism is its definition of sin as a 'voluntary transgression of a known law of God.' Distinguishing doctrines include the new birth, imparted righteousness, and obedience to God through works of piety. Methodists hold that the witness of the Holy Spirit assures believers of the new birth and entire sanctification. Scripture is the primary authority, but tradition and historic creeds are also valued. The movement's Arminian doctrine teaches that salvation is achievable for all, contrasting with Calvinist predestination. Methodism is known for its charity, support for the sick and poor, and works of mercy flowing from love of God and neighbor. It established hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens, and schools. Early Methodists drew from all levels of society, including the aristocracy, and took the message to social outcasts such as criminals.
Did You Know?
- Methodists observe quarterly lovefeasts, watchnight services on New Year's Eve, and altar calls for experiencing new birth and entire sanctification.
- Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of Methodism.
- Methodist worship may include class meetings, prayer requests, praise reports, and salvation testimonies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is the founder of Methodism?
John Wesley is widely regarded as the primary figure behind the Methodist movement, which took shape in the 1700s as a renewal effort within the Church of England. His brother Charles and the preacher George Whitefield also played significant early roles in shaping its identity.
What theological ideas set Methodism apart from other Protestant traditions?
Methodism centers on the concept of sanctification—the belief that believers can grow in holiness throughout their lives—along with an Arminian view of salvation that emphasizes God's universal grace. Its distinctive practices include small-group class meetings, a rich hymn-singing tradition, and active social justice engagement.
How did Methodism split from the Church of England?
The movement began as an internal revival rather than a new church, and Wesley himself never formally broke with Anglicanism. It was only after his death in the 1790s that followers, particularly in America, organized into a separate denomination.
How widespread is Methodism around the world?
Roughly fifty million people identify as Methodist today, with strong congregations across the United States, the United Kingdom, Africa, and Asia. Much of that global reach came from the missionary work that followed the movement's expansion through the British Empire and early American frontier.
What is the main international body for Methodists?
The World Methodist Council serves as the umbrella organization that connects the various Methodist denominations and conferences worldwide. It coordinates shared initiatives while allowing each national or regional body to govern its own affairs.
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